名师串讲综合英语（二）(珍藏版)16

虚拟语气表示假设的情况或主观的愿望。我们已经学过虚拟语气在由if引导的虚拟条件句中的用法，如：

In case after case the difficulty could have been overcome—or might never have arisen—if the people involved had just treated one another with common courtesy.

I think that if I were allowed to add one small beatitude as a footnote to the other it might be:Blessed are the courteous.

虚拟语气还有许多其他的用法，本课再介绍以下几种。

17.It’s(high)time+带有虚拟式动词的从句

It’s time (that) you learned to be courteous.

It’s time (that) we got down to business.

18.I wish+带有虚拟式动词的从句

（1）I wish + 主语 + 动词过去时形式或were,表示与现在事实相反

I wish I could speak English as fluently as you do.

It’s unbearably hot.I wish it were spring.

(2)I wish + 主语 + 动词过去完成时形式，表示与过去事实相反

I’m feeling so sleepy.I wish I’d gone to bed earlier last night.

I wished my former boss had shown some appreciation for my work.If he had,I wouldn’t have left him.

19.would rather + 带有虚拟式动词形式的从句

I’d rather he told me the truth.

I would rather you did nothing for the time being and just thought about it.

20.If only + 带有虚拟式动词的从句

（1）If only + 主语 + 动词过去式形式，表示与现在事实相反

If only English wasn’t so difficult to learn.

If only my grandmother could understand my desire for privacy.

(2)If only + 主语 + 动词过去完成式形式，表示与过去事实相反

Pollution is a serious problem.If only man had cared more about nature.

If only I had gone to that football match!They all say it was magnificent.21.虚拟条件中隐含在句中的介词、动词不定式、动名词或分词等短语中

I would have done the same in similar circumstances.(介词短语)

Legalizing this drug would have very serious consequences.(动名词短语)

To drink the last canteen of water would mean death to all the sailors.(不定式)

Reported Speech

22.由直接引语变成间接引语时，一般要往前推一个时态，即：现在时变成过去时；过去时变成过去完成时；将来时变成过去将来时；现在完成时或过去完成时变成过去完成时，表示时间的状语也相应调整。

“I am being paid by the hour,”she said.

She said that she was being paid by the hour.

“The exhibition finished last week,”explained Ann.

Ann explained that the exhibition had finished the week before.(注意时间状语的变化)

直接引语在变成间接引语时，如果其内容在当时仍然没过时，时态则可往前推也可保持不变。试比较下面两句话：

He said,“The earth is like a rolling ball.”

He said that the earth was like a rolling ball.

He said that the earth is like a rolling ball.

“Nothing can harm a good man,”said Socrates.

Socrates said that nothing could harm a good man.

Socrates said that nothing can harm a good man.