山西自考《英语（二）》复习资料--Text-Black Holes 4

第二部分
　　Para .2
　　4 The theory…a supernova occurs.此句是复合句：that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point 是表语从句； when their density increases to a particular point 是时间状语。
　　注意to a particular point 是固定搭配表示"达到某一点"
　　此句讲了超新星supernova产生的步骤，注意有四个不及物动词vi.的用法
　　explode increase collapse occur
　　From earth, a supernova looks like a very bright light in the sky which shines even in the daytime.
　　which 引导定语从句，修饰light
　　6.Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.
　　有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。could have + 过去分词 表示对以前发生的行为或动作的推测。
　　 I could have told you about it, but I don't remember it now.我可能给你说过这件事，但我现在记不得了。
　　7.The collapse of a star…a star, whose matter is…gravity.
　　whose 引导非限定性定语从句，修饰star 。注意 so… that 的用法
　　8.Imagine the earth…a black hole.
　　该句的主要结构是"imagine… , and you …"而"reduced … to marble "和"having … pull"分别为过去分词和现在分词短语作定语，修饰the earth.
　　mass 质量
　　have some idea 略知一二
　　 For example, if a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. However an observer at the event horizon would think that the man never reached the center at all. Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole. Einstein's relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable, so that there is no "absolute" time and space. There are no constants at all, and measurements of time and space depend on the position of the observer. They are relative. We do not yet fully understand the implications of the relativity theory; but it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. In August 1977, a satellite was launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way. And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be black holes.
　　 Para. 3
　　9.For example, …very quickly
　　本句是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。主句谓语动词用would think , if引导的条件状语从句谓语动词用过去时fell 。
　　10.Our space and time laws don't seem to apply to objects in the area of a black hole.
　　我们的时空法则似乎不适用于黑洞区内的物体。（介词短语作定语）
　　11.We do not yet…relativity theory; but it is…for their existence.
　　 yet: still
　　此句中的it为形式主语，实际主语为that引导的主语从句
　　before引导时间状语从句
　　12.It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
　　此句是强调句，强调状语only recently. 强调结构为 It is + 被强调部分 + that …
　　13.a satellite was launched to gather data about the 10 million black holes which are thought to be in the Milky Way. （about引导的介词短语作定语修饰data）
　　which 引导定语从句修饰 holes
　　data 的单数为datum
　　14.Exploding 和believed to be black holes 均为分词作定语，修饰stars
　　The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. Binary stars, as their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a "partner" to the one which we can see in the sky. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. Could this invisible star, which exerts such a great force, be a black hole? Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.
　　 Para.4
　　15.The most…affects each other.
　　as 的用法，引导非限定性定语从句。修饰Binary stars "双星系"
　　whose 引导定语从句修饰 twin stars
　　16.下面的几句话中的which 用作定语从句的引导词，可用于限制性定语从句，也可用于引导非限制性定语从句。that 则不可用于引导非限制性定语从句。
　　 The story of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are endless. There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. Mankind may one day meet this fate. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. These speculations sound like science fiction. But the theory of black holes in space is accepted by many serious scientists and astronomers. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.
　　第三部分
　　Para.5
　　17 There might be…a very rapid rate.
　　swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate是现在分词短语作定语，修饰hole
　　at the center of our galaxy 是状语
　　story 比较真实的故事
　　fiction 不太真实的故事 同义词：novel
　　18 They show us…space and time.
　　此句中which 引导限定性定语从句修饰world
　　注意介词 in 和 from 的用法，它们各自的搭配为 in a way和 different…from
　　译为：他们给我们展示了一个跟我们自己的截然不同的世界。
　　重点句：
　　1.Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here. （第一段）
　　2.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing ) into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape - not even light. So we can't see a black hole. （第一段）
　　3.The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they collapse and sometimes a supernova occurs. （第二段）
　　4.Some people think that the Star of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. （第二段）
　　5.The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf or a neutron star - a star, whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity. （第二段）
　　6.Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. （第二段）
　　7.For example, if a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. （第三段）
　　8.But it is interesting that Einstein's theory provided a basis for the idea of black holes before astronomers started to find some evidence for their existence. （第三段）
　　9.It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. （第三段）
　　10.And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars believed to be black holes. （第三段）
　　11.Binary stars, as their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other. （第四段）
　　12.There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate. （第五段）
　　13.They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time. （第五段）